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میرے چاروں طرف افق ہے جو ایک پردہء سیمیں کی طرح فضائے بسیط میں پھیلا ہوا ہے،واقعات مستقبل کے افق سے نمودار ہو کر ماضی کے افق میں چلے جاتے ہیں،لیکن گم نہیں ہوتے،موقع محل،اسے واپس تحت الشعور سے شعور میں لے آتا ہے، شعور انسانی افق ہے،جس سے جھانک کر وہ مستقبل کےآئینہ ادراک میں دیکھتا ہے ۔
دوستو ! اُفق کے پار سب دیکھتے ہیں ۔ لیکن توجہ نہیں دیتے۔ آپ کی توجہ مبذول کروانے کے لئے "اُفق کے پار" یا میرے دیگر بلاگ کے،جملہ حقوق محفوظ نہیں ۔ پوسٹ ہونے کے بعد یہ آپ کے ہوئے ، آپ انہیں کہیں بھی کاپی پیسٹ کر سکتے ہیں ، کسی اجازت کی ضرورت نہیں !( مہاجرزادہ)
‏اُموی مصحف لیبل والی اشاعتیں دکھا رہا ہے۔ سبھی اشاعتیں دکھائیں
‏اُموی مصحف لیبل والی اشاعتیں دکھا رہا ہے۔ سبھی اشاعتیں دکھائیں

منگل، 25 اپریل، 2017

مصحفِ عثمان ، خون میں ڈوبے ہوئے صفحات

پہلا مصحفِ  عثماں خون کے چھینٹوں کے ساتھ


دوسرا مصحفِ  عثماں خون کے چھینٹوں کے ساتھ
 


تیسرا مصحفِ  عثماں خون کے چھینٹوں کے ساتھ
 
چوتھا مصحفِ  عثماں خون کے چھینٹوں کے ساتھ
 
پانچواں  مصحفِ  عثماں خون کے چھینٹوں کے ساتھ


چھٹا مصحفِ  عثماں خون کے چھینٹوں کے ساتھ
  ساتواں شائد ملا نہیں ۔ 
کرہ ارض پر موجود مسلمانوں کو گمراہ کرنے کے لئے کیا کیا جھوٹ ، حقیقت بنا کر پھیلائے گئے ہیں !
اور دُکھ کی بات اُنہوں نے اپنے جھوٹ کو سچ ثابت کرنے کے لئے ، کس کا خون قرآن پر چھڑکا !
پاکستان کے کم علم اب بھی یہ یقین کرتے ہیں کہ جو تاریخ نے کہا وہ سچ ہے۔ کیوں کہ گوئبلز کی طرح جھوٹ کو اتنا پھیلایا گیا کہ وہ سچ معلوم ہونے لگا اور باقی کمی منبر و محراب سے پوری کی گئی ۔
Uthman ibn Affan (576–656 CE) :at the age of 68 years he reign as 3rd Muslim Caliph (3 November 644 CE,23 AH –17 June 656 CE, 35 AH). He remained caliph 12 years and was assassinated by the follower of Ali in Abu-Talib, while his house was being guarded by the Ali, Hasan ibn Ali and Husayn ibn Ali and their troops. 

After the body of Uthman had been in the house for three days, Naila, Uthman's wife, approached some of his supporters to help in his burial, but only about a dozen people responded. These included Marwan, Zayd ibn Thabit, 'Huwatib bin Alfarah, Jubayr ibn Mut'im, Abu Jahm bin Hudaifa, Hakim bin Hazam and Niyar bin Mukarram.    The body was lifted at dusk, no coffin could be procured. 
Naila followed the funeral with a lamp, but in order to maintain secrecy the lamp had to be extinguished. Naila was accompanied by some women including Ayesha, Abubaker's daughter.
  
The funeral prayers were led by Jabir bin Muta'am, and the dead body was lowered into the grave without much of a ceremony. After burial, Naila the widow of Uthman and Aisha his daughter wanted to speak, but they were advised to remain quiet due to possible danger from the rioters. 

Prior to assassination of Uthman, in Ejypt, rebellion started due ti the instigation of an envoy from Kufa. The situation was becoming tense and so the Uthman administration had to investigate the origins and extent of anti-government propaganda and its aims.

The rebels had carried on with their propaganda in favour of the Caliphate of Ali. Ammar ibn Yasir had been affiliated with Ali; he left Uthman, and instead joined the opposition in Egypt. Abdullah ibn Saad, the governor of Egypt, reported about the activities of the opposition in Egypt. He wanted to take action against Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr (foster son of Ali), Muhammad bin Abi Hudhaifa (adopted son of Uthman) and Ammar ibn Yasir.

Ammar ibn Yasir the confederate of Ali ibn Abu Talib, was sent to Egypt, while `Abd Allah ibn Umar was sent to Syria. The emissaries who had been sent to Kufa, Basra, and Syria submitted their reports to Uthman, that all was well in Kufa, Basra and Syria. The people were satisfied with the administration, and they had no legitimate grievance against it. Some individuals in various locations had some personal grievances of minor character, with which the people at large were not concerned. Ammar ibn Yasir, the emissary to Egypt, however, did not return to Medina.
 The politics of Egypt played the major role in the propaganda war against the caliphate, so Uthman summoned Abdullah ibn Saad, the governor of Egypt, to Medina to consult with him as to the course of action that should be adopted. Abdullah ibn Saad came to Medina, leaving the affairs of Egypt to his deputy, and in his absence, Muhammad bin Abi Hudhaifa staged a coup d'état and took power. On hearing of the revolt in Egypt, Abdullah hastened back but Uthman was not in a position to offer him any military assistance and, accordingly, Abdullah ibn Saad failed to recapture his power.
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مصحفِ عثمان -6- دارالکُتُب المصریہ

دارالکُتُب المصریہ  ، مصر میں موجود " شئیٍ عجیب"، مصری قران اور اُس کے عکس جسے،  مصحفِ عثمان سے منسوب کیا جاتا ہے-
 The “Qur'ān Of ʿUthmān” At The Egyptian National Library (Dār Al-Kutub Al-Misrīyya), Cairo, Egypt, From 1st / 2nd Century Hijra۔

 Figures: (a) Ms. 139, sūrah 5:80-83. 


(b) Ms. 139, sūrah 5:87-5:89. 


(c) Ms. 139, sūrah 5:92-5:95. 


(d) Ms. 139, sūrah 5:96-5:100. 



(e) Ms. 139, sūrah 5:107-5:110. 


(f) Arabe 324c, f. 39, sūrah 75:29-40.



Date
Late 1st century / early 2nd century of hijra.
Hussein dates this manuscript to the 7th century CE. Moritz dates this manuscript to the 1st / 2nd century hijra.  Déroche gives three dates for this manuscript, the beginning of the 2nd century hijra / 8th century CE,  the middle of the 2nd century hijra / 8th century CE and the latter half of the 2nd century hijra / 8th century CE,  although it is not clear which of these dates he prefers. Von Bothmer dates this manuscript to the 2nd century hijra / 8th century CE. On the basis of a privately held fragment of the Qur'an (An ‘Umayyad’ Fragment Of The Qur'ān From 1st Century Hijra) carbon dated to the 7th century CE (609-694 CE with a 95.2% confidence level) showing similar script, textual aids and illumination, Dutton dated Arabic Palaeography Plates 1-12 (i.e., Ms. 139) to a roughly similar timeframe, i.e., the Umayyad period.[7]
Accession Number
Ms. 139 (Cairo); Ms. Arabe. 324a, 324b, 324c, 324d (Paris); Ms. Orient. A. 462 (Gotha).
Size & Folios
The size of the folios varies slightly with approximate dimensions of 53 x 63 cm, although the folios are heavily cropped and would have originally measured roughly 53 x 68 cm. Writing surface approximately 47-48 x 55-56 cm. This manuscript is another example of a large format Qur'an with 12 lines per page containing a significant number of extant folios. It was the largest manuscript examined by Déroche in his catalogue of early Qur'anic manuscripts held at the Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris.
Total number of folios: 306 folios = 562 folios preserved at the Egyptian National Library, Cairo, including 248 folios on true parchment, 34 folios on fake parchment, 61 folios from another Qur'an and 219 folios written on paper completed in 1830 CE (Ms. 139)  + 46 folios preserved in Paris (Ms. Arabe. 324a, 324b, 324c, 324d) folios preserved in Gotha (Ms. Orient. A. 462). Déroche estimates this manuscript would have originally contained more than 600 folios.
History Of The Manuscript
When it was resolved that a museum should be established in Gotha, Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (d. 1804) endowed Ulrich Jaspar Seetzen (d. 1811), German physician and explorer, with considerable material means and sums of money in order to purchase any interesting objects related to the arts, religion and literature, during his travels in the middle east. During his time in Cairo, Seetzen "purchased" 1574 manuscripts, 3536 archaeological objects and numerous other biological and geological specimens. It was around about this time Seetzen disguised himself as a Muslim in order to gain the confidence of the Egyptians and Arabs. On the 17th January 1809, Seetzen entered the ʿAmr b. al-ʿĀs mosque, Fustāt, with the intention of "purchasing" ancient manuscripts of the Qur'an but failed. A contemporary of his with similar interests, Jean-Louis Asselin de Cherville (d. 1822), consular agent of France in Egypt, fared much better, seen by the 46 folios of this manuscript preserved in Paris today. The 12 folios presently held in Gotha were apparently conveyed there by Seetzen, who, it appears, either bought or was gifted them from Cherville.
Scholars interested in ancient manuscripts of the Qur'an that make mention of this important manuscript are very seldom aware of all its constituent parts. Usually, only certain sections of this manuscript are discussed in contemporary publications (most notably Arabic Palaeography, Plates 1-12) to the exclusion of the rest. A good example of this can be seen in an encyclopaedia entry published this year whereby the entry on "Illumination" sub-section ‘Manuscripts of the Koran’ assigns Ms. 139 and Ms Arabe 324a as belonging to the same manuscript, without showing any knowledge of the other sections.
Script & Ornamentation
Kufic. According to his typology of early Qur'anic scripts, Déroche has assigned this manuscript the category CIa. Letter forms in this category are very close to those of Ḥijāzī IV. The form of hā in this manuscript is very similar indeed to that found in the inscriptions on the Dome of the Rock dating from 72 AH / 691 CE.
This manuscript is written on parchment with 12 lines per page showing the presence of line fillers to complete certain lines. The script is slightly sloping backwards with tall ascenders and is strongly reminiscent of the type of well executed kufic script exhibited during the Umayyad period. There is no vocalisation and a very limited amount of consonantal pointing (i.e., diacritical marks) – on some folios there are no diacritical marks at all. Multi-coloured (e.g., red, green, black, brown) diagonally arranged dashes are usually used to indicate verse-endings. Groups of five verses are marked with medallions and square cartouches containing quatrefoil emblems are used to indicate groups of ten verses. There are some arcaded bands that separate sūrahs without mentioning the name of the sūrah, some containing triangular-shaped crenelations. A modern cursive hand has added Arabic text at the top and bottom of each folio identifying the first and last verse. 


There are good number of other Qur'ans [such as the ones at St. Petersburg, two in Istanbul (Topkapi Library and TIEM), Cairo and Samarqand] having at times turned up in different parts of the Islamic world, almost all purporting to show the traces of the blood of the third caliph ʿUthmān upon certain pages, and thus the genuine ʿUthmānic Qur'an, the imām, which he was reading at the time of his death. Considering the palaeographic considerations, this Qur'an does not belong to time of the third caliph ʿUthmān.
Contents
The contents of the manuscript, as tabulated below, are gathered from the published material. They are arranged according to the folio number of Ms. 139 given by Shebunin[17] as well as in the numerical order of the sūrahs. Only the folios written on true parchment are considered here. Other manuscripts from the same codex are added to maintain the continuity of the sūrah order. Shebunin's indexing of the verse numbers on the folios have some errors which need to be corrected by checking the original codex. Some of them have been indicated by asterisk, i.e., ‘*’, next to the verse numbers.
 
Folio No. Qur'anic Sūrah Manuscript Image Publication
– 3:104-113, 120-133, 180-187 Arabe 324a –
– 3:139-146 Arabe 324b –
– 4:3-9, 24-29, 36-42 Arabe 324a –
– 4:11-12, 89-92, 122-128 Arabe 324c –
66 - 72 4:128-171* Ms. 139 –
– 5:2-23, 41-45 Arabe 324c –
83 - 93 5:59-114* Ms. 139 Islamic Awareness, 2009
96 - 97 6:8-25 Ms. 139 –
99 - 107 6:33-94 Ms. 139 –
252 - 255 18:22-54* Ms. 139 –
257 - 258 18:62-82* Ms. 139 –
269 - 273 20:50-102 Ms. 139 –
275 20:115-127 Ms. 139 –
278 - 288 21:9-22:13 Ms. 139 –
292 22:43-53 Ms. 139 –
294 22:62-71* Ms. 139 –
298 - 300 23:25-67 Ms. 139 –
302 23:80-92* Ms. 139 –
305 24:1-8 Ms. 139 –
307 - 313 24:14-56* Ms. 139 –
320 - 322 25:36-65* Ms. 139 –
324 - 327 25:74-26:44 Ms. 139 –
330 - 338 26:84-27:22 Ms. 139 –
340 - 341 27:34-49* Ms. 139 –
343 - 344 27:60-82* Ms. 139 –
351 - 360 28:64-29:53 Ms. 139 –
362 30:4-12* Ms. 139 –
365 - 367 30:30-54* Ms. 139 –
369 - 374 31:5-32:19* Ms. 139 –
376 - 382 32:27-33:38 Ms. 139 –
384 - 388 33:49-34:6* Ms. 139 –
– 34:12-35:36 Arabe 324c –
– 35:36-42 Arabe 324d –
398 - 402 36:2-71* Ms. 139 –
404 - 454 37:1-43:51 Ms. 139 Moritz, 1905, Pl. 1-2 (end of sūrah 37 beginning of sūrah 38)
– 43:51-46:14 Ms. Orient. A. 462 von Bothmer, 1997, f. 3b (sūrah 43:85-44:3), f. 6b-7a (sūrah 44:52-45:7), f. 11a (sūrah 45:37-46:4)
461 - 476 46:15-49:13* Ms. 139 Moritz, 1905, Pl. 4 and Pl. 5 (end of sūrah 46 beginning of sūrah 47), Pl. 6 (end of sūrah 48 beginning of sūrah 49)
478 50:3-16* Ms. 139 –
480 - 486 51:1-53:39* Ms. 139 –
488 - 490 54:2-55 Ms. 139 –
– 55:1-27 Arabe 324c –
493 - 505 55:75-58:22 Ms. 139 Moritz, 1905, Pl. 7 (end of sūrah 56 beginning of sūrah 57)
507 - 529 59:10-68:51 Ms. 139 Moritz, 1905, Pl. 8 (end of sūrah 59 beginning of sūrah 60), Pl. 9 (end of sūrah 63 beginning of sūrah 64), Pl. 10 (end of sūrah 65 beginning of sūrah 66), Pl. 11 (end of sūrah 66 beginning of sūrah 67)
– 68:51-72:16 Arabe 324c Déroche, 2004,[18] f.32, (end of sūrah 69 beginning of sūrah 70)
536 74:31-56* Ms. 139 –
– 75:1-76:22 Arabe 324c Déroche, 2004, f.39, (end of sūrah 75)[19]
– 77:11-41 Arabe 324c –
540 77:41-78:19 Ms. 139 –
542 - 543 79:1-80:8 Ms. 139 –
– 80:11-81:2 Arabe 324c –
545 81:4-?? (damaged) Ms. 139 –
547 83:2-83:23 (damaged) Ms. 139 –
549 - 551 84:8-87:1 Ms. 139 Moritz, 1905, Pl. 12 (end of sūrah 86 beginning of sūrah 87)
553 - 554 89:5-90:16* Ms. 139 –
– 95:5-96:19 Arabe 324c –
– 100:2-102:4 Arabe 324c –
– 105:1-107:7 Arabe 324c –
 Location
Dār al-Kutub al-Misriyya, Cairo; Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris; Forschungsbibliothek, Gotha.
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Dār al-Kutub al-Misrīyya, Cairo, for providing some images of the manuscript.
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مصحفِ عثمان -5- الحسینی مسجد قاہرہ

الحسینی مسجد قاہرہ ، مصر میں موجود " شئیٍ عجیب"، مصری قران اور اُس کے عکس جسے،  مصحفِ عثمان سے منسوب کیا جاتا ہے-

 The “Qur'ān Of ʿUthmān” At The Al-Hussein Mosque, Cairo, Egypt, From 1st / 2nd Century Hijra

 Figures: (a) Folios 23a and 24a showing sūrah al-Baqarah - part of verse 139 to beginning of verse 143.


 (b) Folios 511b and 512a showing sūrah al-Isrāʾ - part of verse 110 to the end, and sūrah al-Kahf - from the beginning until part of verse 5. 

(c) Folios 541b and 542a showing sūrah Maryam - part of verse 85 to the end, and the beginning of sūrah Ṭāhā. 


(d) Folios 500b and 501a - the former shows the missing folio written in a later hand and the latter shows fixing of lacunae in the manuscript, especially at the bottom left hand side edge, presumably by the same later hand. The folios contain sūrah al-Isrāʾ part of verse 58 to end of verse 62. 


(e) Display and (f) restoration of the monumental Qur'an attributed to caliph Uthmān at the al-Hussein mosque by Mohamed Seif el-Shazli and his son Ahmed.







Date
Late 1st century / early 2nd century of hijra. Moritz publishd four folios of this manuscript and dated them to 1st / 2nd century of hijra.  A facsimile edition of this manuscript was prepared by Dr. Tayyar Altikulaç in the year 2009.
The dating of this manuscript by various scholars has been summarized by Dr. Altikulaç.  Muḥammad Bakhit considers it to be one of ʿUthmāni muṣḥaf. Labīb al-Saʿīd opines that it may be the muṣḥaf sent to Madinah or Syria. Muḥammad ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīm al-Zurqānī, author of Manāhil al-ʿIrfan, considers it to be a copy of one of the ʿUthmāni muṣḥaf. On the other hand, palaeographer Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn al-Munajjid did not consider this manuscript to be from the time of caliph ʿUthmān.  His says that, in all probability, it was a copy made on the order of the Governor of Egypt ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz ibn Marwān, brother of Umayyad caliph ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān. Therefore, it can be said that this is one of the oldest copies of the Qur'an written in Egypt in the second half of 1st century hijra.

This dating is also endorsed by Dr. Altikulaç, the editor of the facsimile edition, as well as others.  Finally, Dr. Suʿād Maher, who examined this Qur'an, believes that it is not one of the Qur'ans sent by the third caliph ʿUthmān to various regions of the Islamic Empire.


Furthermore, there are palaeographic reasons to believe that this Qur'an does not belong to time of the third caliph ʿUthmān. There are good number of other Qur'ans [such as the ones at St. Petersburg, Cairo, Samarqand and two in Istanbul (Topkapi Library and TIEM)] having at times turned up in different parts of the Islamic world, almost all purporting to show the traces of the blood of the third caliph ʿUthmān upon certain pages, and thus the genuine ʿUthmānic Qur'an, the imām, which he was reading at the time of his death. The manuscript clearly shows the script, illumination and marking of vowels that are from the Umayyad times, i.e., late 1st century / early 2nd century of hijra.
Accession Number
-
Size & Folios
Total number of folios: 1087. Only 4 folios are missing (after folios nos. 100, 637, 883, 1051) and others restored by a later hand (folio nos. 43, 63, 64, 65, 500, 1051, 1053, 1086, 1087). Size: 57 cm x 68 cms. Written area: 48 cm x 51 cm. The height of the muṣḥaf is 40 cm and weighs 80 kgs.[7] The extant folios contain more than 99% of the text of the Qur'an.
History Of The Manuscript
The manuscript was kept in the special collection of Qadhi ʿAbd al-Raḥīm al-Bisānī al-Asqalānī in Madrasah Al-Faḍiliyah in the Ayyubid period [596 AH / 1200 CE], then transferred to the dome, next the madrasah, built by Mamluk Sultan Al-Gūrī [922 AH / 1516 CE]. It remained there until 1275 AH / 1858-59 CE. From the dome, it was shifted to Masjid al-Zainabī, then to Muḥammad ʿAlī's castle, then to Dīwān al-Awqāf in the year 1304 AH / 1886-87 CE, then to Qasr Abidīn next year, arriving finally at al-Mashad al-Husseini in the year 1305 AH / 1887-88 CE. It remained there until 2006 CE until it was transferred to the Center Library for Islamic Manuscripts, Masjid al-Sayyida Zaynab.
Script & Ornamentation
Kufic.
This monumental Qur'anic manuscript on parchment showing a well-formed Kufic script, written in dark-brown ink with sparse diacritical marks and no ornamentation. There are 12 lines per folio, but some folios also have 8-10 lines. The verse endings are marked by a set of diagonal dashes; the tenth verse is marked with a square medallion illuminated in blue, green, and red with a stellar design. A rectangular ornate band separates the two sūrahs. The verse endings and the tenth verse marker in this manuscript show striking similarity with those present in the Samarqand manuscript attributed to ʿUthmān. This suggests that these two manuscripts are probably contemporary.
There are some lacunae in this manuscript such as missing folios or worn out writing. Some of them were fixed by adding extra folios or reinking the existing text - both of them clearly done using a later hand [Figure (d)]. This has resulted in copying mistakes - 7 out of 22 mistakes are due to restorations.

The parchment of this Qur'an was restored in the time of Sultan al-Gūrī, the last of the Mamluk sultans, and was restored from time to time since then due to wear and tear.
Contents
The contents of the manuscript, as tabulated below, are gathered from the facsimile edition.
 
Folios Qur'anic Sūrah Image Publication Comments
1b al-Fātiḥah Altikulaç, 2009 Fragmented on the sides
1b - 59a al-Baqarah Altikulaç, 2009 Folios 2a-4b fragmented on the sides. Folios 43a and 43b are written in a later hand due to lacunae.
59a - 99b āl-ʿImrān Altikulaç, 2009; Moritz 1905, Pls. 13, 14 (end of sūrah) Folios 63a-65b are written in a later hand due to lacunae.
99b - 148a al-Nisā Altikulaç, 2009; Moritz 1905, Pls. 13, 14 (beginning of sūrah) Part of the verse 6 to part of verse 8 are missing due to lacunae.
148a - 186a al-Mā'idah Altikulaç, 2009 -
186a - 231b al-Anʿām Altikulaç, 2009 -
231b - 286a al-Aʿrāf Altikulaç, 2009 -
286a - 307a al-Anfāl Altikulaç, 2009 -
307a - 343b Tawbah Altikulaç, 2009 -
343b - 371a Yūnus Altikulaç, 2009 -
371a - 400b Hūd Altikulaç, 2009 -
400b - 427a Yūsuf Altikulaç, 2009 -
427a - 439a al-Rʿad Altikulaç, 2009 -
439a - 451a Ibrāhīm Altikulaç, 2009 -
451a - 460a al-Ḥijr Altikulaç, 2009 -
460b - 486b al-Nahl Altikulaç, 2009 -
487a - 511b al-Isrāʾ Altikulaç, 2009 Folios 500a-500b are written in a later hand due to lacunae.
511b - 533b al-Kahf Altikulaç, 2009 -
534a - 542a Maryam Altikulaç, 2009 -
542a - 554a Ṭāhā Altikulaç, 2009 -
554a - 566a al-Anbiyā Altikulaç, 2009 -
566a - 579a al-Ḥajj Altikulaç, 2009 -
579b - 592a al-Muʾminūn Altikulaç, 2009 -
592a - 608b al-Nūr Altikulaç, 2009 -
608b - 620b al-Furqān Altikulaç, 2009 -
620b - 638a al-Shuʿarā Altikulaç, 2009 Verse 211 to part of verse 225 are missing due to lacunae.
638a - 654b al-Naml Altikulaç, 2009 -
654b - 673a al-Qaṣaṣ Altikulaç, 2009 -
673a - 687b al-ʿAnkabūt Altikulaç, 2009 -
687b - 700a al-Rūm Altikulaç, 2009 -
700a - 708b Luqmān Altikulaç, 2009 -
708b - 714a al-Sajdah Altikulaç, 2009; Moritz, 1905, Pl. 15 (end of sūrah). -
714a - 735a al-Aḥzāb Altikulaç, 2009; Moritz, 1905, Pl. 15 (beginning of sūrah). -
735a - 749a Sabʾ Altikulaç, 2009 -
749a - 762a Fāṭir Altikulaç, 2009 -
762a - 774a Yāsīn Altikulaç, 2009 -
774a - 787a al-Ṣāffāt Altikulaç, 2009 -
787a - 797a Ṣād Altikulaç, 2009 -
797a - 814a al-Zumar Altikulaç, 2009 -
814a - 834b Ghāfir Altikulaç, 2009 -
834b - 846a Fussilat Altikulaç, 2009 -
846b - 859b al-Shūra Altikulaç, 2009 -
859b - 873a al-Zukhruf Altikulaç, 2009 -
873a - 878a al-Dukhān Altikulaç, 2009 -
878a - 883b al-Jāthiya Altikulaç, 2009 Verse 33 to the end of surah are missing due to lacunae.
884a - 892b al-Aḥqāf Altikulaç, 2009 Verse 1 to part of verse 2 are missing due to lacunae.
892b - 900b Muḥammad Altikulaç, 2009 -
900b - 909a al-Fataḥ Altikulaç, 2009; Moritz, 1905, Pl. 16 (end of sūrah). -
909b - 914b al-Ḥujurāt Altikulaç, 2009 -
914b - 920a Qāf Altikulaç, 2009 -
920a - 925b al-Dhāriyāt Altikulaç, 2009 -
925b - 929b al-Ṭūr Altikulaç, 2009 -
930a - 935b al-Najm Altikulaç, 2009 -
935b - 941a al-Qamar Altikulaç, 2009 -
941a - 946b al-Raḥmān Altikulaç, 2009 -
947a - 952b al-Wāqiʿah Altikulaç, 2009 -
953a - 961b al-Ḥadid Altikulaç, 2009 -
961b - 968b al-Mujādilah Altikulaç, 2009 -
969a - 975b al-Ḥashr Altikulaç, 2009 -
975b - 981b al-Mumtaḥinah Altikulaç, 2009 -
982a - 985a al-Ṣaff Altikulaç, 2009 -
985a - 988a al-Jumuʿah Altikulaç, 2009 -
988a - 990b al-Munāfiqūn Altikulaç, 2009 -
990b - 995a al-Taghābūn Altikulaç, 2009 -
995a - 999b al-Talāq Altikulaç, 2009 -
999b - 1004a al-Tahrīm Altikulaç, 2009 -
1004a - 1009b al-Mulk Altikulaç, 2009 -
1009b - 1014b al-Qalam Altikulaç, 2009 -
1014b - 1018b al-Ḥaqqah Altikulaç, 2009 -
1018b - 1022a al-Maʿārij Altikulaç, 2009 -
1022a - 1026a Nūḥ Altikulaç, 2009 -
1026a - 1030b al-Jinn Altikulaç, 2009 -
1031a - 1034a al-Muzzammil Altikulaç, 2009 -
1034b - 1038b al-Muddathir Altikulaç, 2009 -
1038b - 1041a al-Qiyāmah Altikulaç, 2009 -
1041a - 1045b al-Insān Altikulaç, 2009 -
1045b - 1048b al-Mursalāt Altikulaç, 2009 -
1048b - 1051a al-Nabāʾ Altikulaç, 2009 Folio 1051a is written in a later hand due to lacunae.
1051a - 1053a al-Nāziʿāt Altikulaç, 2009 Folios 1051a-1051b and 1053a are written in a later hand due to lacunae. Verse 20 to part of verse 31 are missing due to lacunae.
1053a - 1055a al-ʿAbasa Altikulaç, 2009 Folios 1053a-1053b are written in a later hand due to lacunae.
1055a - 1056b al-Takwīr Altikulaç, 2009 -
1057a - 1058a al-Intifār Altikulaç, 2009 -
1058a - 1060b al-Mutaffifīn Altikulaç, 2009 -
1060b - 1062b al-Inshiqāq Altikulaç, 2009 -
1062b - 1064a al-Burūj Altikulaç, 2009 -
1064a - 1065a al-Tāriq Altikulaç, 2009 -
1065a - 1066a al-ʿAlā Altikulaç, 2009 -
1066b - 1067b al-Ghāshīyah Altikulaç, 2009 -
1068a - 1070a al-Fajr Altikulaç, 2009 -
1070a - 1071b al-Balad Altikulaç, 2009 -
1071b - 1072b al-Shams Altikulaç, 2009 -
1072b - 1073b al-Layl Altikulaç, 2009 -
1073b - 1074a al-Ḍuḥa Altikulaç, 2009 -
1074b - 1075a al-Sharḥ Altikulaç, 2009 -
1075a - 1075b al-Ṭīn Altikulaç, 2009 -
1075b - 1076b al-ʿAlaq Altikulaç, 2009 -
1077a al-Qadr Altikulaç, 2009 -
1077b - 1078b al-Bayyinah Altikulaç, 2009 -
1079a - 1079b al-Zalzalah Altikulaç, 2009 -
1079b - 1080a al-ʿAdiyāt Altikulaç, 2009 -
1080a - 1081a al-Qāriʿah Altikulaç, 2009 -
1081a - 1081b al-Takāthur Altikulaç, 2009 -
1081a - 1082a al-ʿAsr Altikulaç, 2009 -
1082a - 1082b al-Humazah Altikulaç, 2009 -
1082b - 1083a al-Fīl Altikulaç, 2009 -
1083a - 1083b al-Quraysh Altikulaç, 2009 -
1083b - 1084a al-Māʿun Altikulaç, 2009 -
1084a - 1084b al-Kawthar Altikulaç, 2009 -
1084b - 1085a al-Kafirūn Altikulaç, 2009 -
1085a - 1085b al-Naṣr Altikulaç, 2009 -
1085b - 1086a al-Masad Altikulaç, 2009 -
1086a al-Ikhlās Altikulaç, 2009 Folio 1086a is written in a later hand due to lacunae.
1086b al-Falaq Altikulaç, 2009 Folio 1086b is written in a later hand due to lacunae.
1087a al-Nās Altikulaç, 2009 Folio 1087a is written in a later hand due to lacunae.


Location
Al-Hussein Mosque, Cairo, and now shifted to the Centre Library for Islamic Manuscripts, Masjid al-Sayyida Zaynab, Cairo, Egypt.
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مصحفِ عثمان -4- تاشقند میں

تاشقند کےعجائب گھر میں موجود شئیٍ عجیب مصری قران اور اُس کے عکس جسے،  مصحفِ عثمان سے منسوب کیا جاتا ہے-
 A display of the manuscript of the Qur'an in Tashkent, Uzbekistan, attributed to Caliph ‘Uthman.
(a) The manuscript is very fragile and is placed in a cupboard to prevent further damage, folios from the same manuscript that came from North Africa.
(b) a closer view of the manuscript inside the cupboard, (c) a facsimile copy is available for consultation by readers۔
 
(d) Christie's 1992, Lot 225, and (e) Christie's 1993, Lot 29;
Date
 2nd century hijra or 8th century CE.
Shebunin dated this manuscript to the early second century hijra.[1] On the basis of the orthography as observed in the 1905 facsimile edition prepared by S. I. Pisarev,[2] Jeffery dated it to the early ninth century.[3] More recently, Déroche had assigned a date to the second half of the eighth century,[4] more specifically, under the patronage of the third Abbasid caliph Al-Mahdi (reigned 158 - 169 AH / 775 - 785 CE).[5] The carbon-dating of a folio from this manuscript was carried out at Oxford. The result showed a 68% probability of a date between 640 CE and 765 CE, and a 95% probability of a date between 595 CE and 855 CE.[6] Commenting on this result, Rezvan noted that the palaeographic dating of this manuscript also indicated a date at the turn of the eight / ninth century CE.[7]
Size & Folios
53 cm x 68 cm. The text is 44 cm x 55 cm. Depending on the folio, length and width of the text can vary by several centimetres. The material used for writing is thick, strong parchment. This Qur'an is a plano copy which means each folio is an entire sheet of parchment.
Total number of folios: 378 = 353 (Pisarev's facsimile edition) + 20 (Ms. 248 and Ms. 658) + 1 (Ms. AKM00475) + 1 (Ms. 2004.87) + 3 (Christie's Lot nos. 225, 225A and 29).[8]
Out of 353 folios in the facsimile edition, 69 are torn out, or lost folios are substituted by paper leaves of equal size. Only 15 folios are complete, the rest are more or less damaged and mended with paper. Tayyar Altıkulaç estimated this manuscript originally comprised 950 folios.[9]
History Of The Manuscript
Approximately one third of the Qur'an from which these massive folios originate - “the ʿUthmān Qur'an” - is housed in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Late in the 19th century the manuscript was in St. Petersburg, Russia, where it was studied by the Russian orientalist A. N. Shebunin.[10] He gave a detailed account of the codex and examined the peculiarities of its orthography. So great was the interest in this codex that in 1905 Pisarev (or Pissareff) was encouraged to publish a facsimile edition.[11] He did this by photographic process after attempting to carefully retrace the text of folios where the writing had been almost obliterated by the hands of the faithful stroking the pages. It has since been recognised that Pisarev's reinking of the text in the dulled folios resulted in many mistakes. These false restorations of the original text have caused scholars to handle this manuscript with caution.[12] The charges of deliberate changing of the text are not based on sound grounds and have never been substantiated.[13] It appears that only fifty copies of the facsimile were made of which only twenty-five were offered for sale. In 2004, scholars from the Islamic University, Tashkent, commissioned a facsimile edition (handwritten replica) of the manuscript on parchment. This unique, magnificent copy was loaned to the British Library to accompany its exhibition ‘Sacred’ that opened from the 27th April until 23rd September 2007,[14] before being returned to the Islamic University, Tashkent, where it presently resides. Pisarev's original 1905 facsimile edition has been digitally scanned into Corpus Coranicum’s database and can now be viewed in its entirety online.
As mentioned earlier, this codex is incomplete and it is not surprising that a number of folios have appeared under the hammer at auction or have been sold privately between collectors. Four folios from the Tashkent manuscript were sold at Christie’s, London, as Lot nos. 225, 225a on the 22nd October 1992; and Lot nos. 29, 30 on the 21st October 1993,[15] and are presently in private collections. In the years 2000 and 2003, two more folios appeared in Sam Fogg's Islamic Manuscripts / Islamic Calligraphy catalogues.[16] The provenance for both these folios was given as North Africa, though the folio from 2003 originated from a private collection in Norway. These folios have since been sold on and now reside in the Museum of Islamic Art, Doha, and the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York,[17] respectively. The Aga Khan Museum have a folio belonging to this manuscript and it has been publicly exhibited since 2007 at various locations around the world.[18] Another folio from this codex was sold at Sotheby’s, London, in 2008[19] and it presently resides at the Museum of Islamic Art, Doha, which has 24 folios in total from this manuscript.[20] The extra-ordinary size of these folios from this Qur'an is unparalleled in publications in the Western world.
In 1940, Mendelsohn published notes on the Columbia University facsimile copy of the Tashkent (Samarqand) Qur'an.[21] A couple of years later, Jeffery and Mendelsohn discussed the orthography of this manuscript.[22]
So, the big question now is whether this is the Qur'an that belonged to the third caliph ʿUthmān? The answer is no. There are good number of other Qur'ans [such as the one at St. Petersburg, two in Istanbul (Topkapi Library and TIEM), and two in Cairo (al-Hussein mosque and Dār al-Kutub)] having at times turned up in different parts of the Islamic world, some purporting to show traces of blood from the third caliph ʿUthmān upon certain pages, and thus the genuine ʿUthmānic Qur'an, the imām, which he was reading at the time of his death. Moreover, the writing in the manuscript clearly shows the large, straight, beautiful and rigidly proportional Kufic script which was used during and after the time of Umayyad caliph ʿAbd al-Malik (compare the script in this manuscript with the inscriptions on the Dome of the Rock). Furthermore, this manuscript was also briefly discussed by Ṣalāḥ al-Dīn al-Munajjid who did not consider it to be from the time of caliph ʿUthmān.[23]
Script & Ornamentation
Kufic.
It is a massive Qur'anic manuscript on vellum showing a well-formed kufic script without diacritical marks and ornamentation. The verse endings are marked by small panels of diagonals lines; the tenth verse is marked with a square medallion illuminated in blue, green, red and manganese with a stellar design. The parchment has become very brittle with age. There is a restriction on free access and the manuscript is protected from light. Instead, a facsimile copy is available for consultation.
Contents
The table below is reproduced from Shebunin's work.[24] We have added other folios that have appeared under the hammer at auction and those kept in public and private collections.

Folios Qur'anic Surah / Ayah Image Publication Comments
1 - 32 2:7 - 2:177 Pisarev, 1905 Paper leaves ff. 1 - 2r, 8, 13 - 15
33 - 34 2:179 - 2:187 Pisarev, 1905 Paper leaves ff. 33 - 34
35 2:213 - 2:217 Pisarev, 1905 Paper leaf
36 2:231 - 2:233 Pisarev, 1905 Paper leaf
37 - 42 2:256 - 2:273 Pisarev, 1905 Paper leaves
43 - 45 2:282 - 2:286 Pisarev, 1905 Paper leaves
46 - 57 3:36 - 3:92 Pisarev, 1905
58 3:97 - 3:102 Pisarev, 1905
59 - 67 3:105 - 3:148 Pisarev, 1905 Paper leaves ff. 59 - 63
68 - 89 3:154 - 4:29 Pisarev, 1905 Paper leaves ff. 76, 88
- 3:166 - 3:170, 3:179 - 3:183 - Ms. 248, ff. 1-2
- 4:2 - 4:5 Christie's, 1993, Lot 30 Picture in catalogue
90 - 92 4:33 - 4:43 Pisarev, 1905
93 - 94 4:72 - 4:77 Pisarev, 1905
95 - 97 4:81 - 4:90 Pisarev, 1905
98 - 112 4:92 - 4:145 Pisarev, 1905 Paper leaves ff. 100 - 102
113 - 189 5:85 - 7:106 Pisarev, 1905 Paper leaves ff. 120, 124, 129 - 130, 142, 150 - 165, 168 - 170, 179, 181 - 182
190 - 204 11:47 - 11:121 Pisarev, 1905
205 12:19 - 12:23 Pisarev, 1905
206 14:39 - 14:44 Pisarev, 1905
207 - 213 15:7 15:86 Pisarev, 1905
214 - 229 16:7 - 16:101 Pisarev, 1905
230 16:114 - 16:119 Pisarev, 1905
231 - 236 17:1 - 17:48 Pisarev, 1905
237 - 257 17:56 - 18:77 Pisarev, 1905
258 - 260 18:82 - 18:105 Pisarev, 1905
261 - 265 19:3 - 19:44 Pisarev, 1905
266 - 286 19:52 - 20:135 Pisarev, 1905
- 21:36 - 21:58 Déroche, 2013 Ms. 248, ff. 3-5
- 21:69 - 21:76 Sam Fogg, 2000, Volume 22; Déroche, 2013 Picture in catalogue; Ms. 248, f. 6
- 21:76 - 21:82 Canby et al., 2007 Ms. AKM00475, picture in catalogue
- 21:103 - 21:111 Sam Fogg, 2003, Volume 27; Ekhtiar et al., 2011 Picture in catalogue; Ms. 2004.87, picture in catalogue
- 21:111 - 22:4 Déroche, 2013 Ms. 248, f. 7
- 22:6 - 22:12 Christie's, 1992, Lot 225 Picture in catalogue
- 22:12 - 22:17 Christie's, 1992, Lot 225a Picture in catalogue
- 22:22 - 22:26 Déroche, 2013 Ms. 248, f. 8
- 22:60 - 22:78 Déroche, 2013 Ms. 248, ff. 9-12
- 23:14 - 23:27 Déroche, 2013 Ms. 248, ff. 13-14
- 23:41 - 23:60 Déroche, 2013 Ms. 248, ff. 15-16; Ms. 658
- 23:68 - 23:75 Sotheby's, 2008, Lot 1; Déroche, 2013 Picture in catalogue; Ms. 248, f. 17
- 23:75 - 23:110 Déroche, 2013 Ms. 248, ff. 18-21
- 25:62 - 25:74 Christie's, 1993, Lot 29 Picture in catalogue
287 - 290 26:63 - 26:117 Pisarev, 1905
291 26:130 - 26:142 Pisarev, 1905
292 - 295 26:155 - 26:202 Pisarev, 1905
296 - 299 27:1 - 27:22 Pisarev, 1905
300 27:28 - 27:34 Pisarev, 1905
301 - 306 27:44 - 27:80 Pisarev, 1905
307 - 321 36:12 - 37:75 Pisarev, 1905
322 - 332 37:91 - 38:29 Pisarev, 1905
333 39:6 - 39:8 Pisarev, 1905
334 40:4 - 40:7 Pisarev, 1905
335 40:51 - 40:57 Pisarev, 1905
336 - 338 40:67 - 40:83 Pisarev, 1905
339 - 345 41:5 - 41:39 Pisarev, 1905
- 41:15 - 41:20; 41:34 - 41:39 - Ms. 248, ff. 22-23
346 - 353 42:21 - 43:11 Pisarev, 1905

Location
Tashkent (Uzbekistan); Museum of Islamic Art, Doha (Qatar); Aga Khan Museum, Toronto (Canada); Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (USA); Private collections.
Acknowledgements
We thank "Memory Of The World", UNESCO, for the pictures of the manuscript.
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